Lunar Distance and Age of Sail Classes:
Fascinating classes taught by a fascinating and capable instructor.
Lunars class is challenging and fun. Frank presents several different recipes for accomplishing lunars, one of which seems almost easy (kind of). Highly recommended for anyone interested in celestial navigation or nautical navigation history.
Jeffrey Rock
FAA Designated Pilot Examiner
Longitude by Lunars
"Lunar Distances" or lunars for short were used to determine longitude at sea in the period from about 1767 until 1850 (and rarely after that date). This was a time when chronometers were not yet widely available at a reasonable price and were considered unreliable on long voyages. The principle behind lunars is simple. The Moon in the sky is the hour hand of a great clock. The stars along its path are the numbers on the face of the clock. If we can measure the Moon's position relative to the stars, we can read the time from the clock. Comparing that absolute time with local time, usually determined by a time sight, we have our longitude. A one hour difference in time corresponds to a 15 degree difference in longitude.-
Predicted Lunars (UPDATED)
Traditionally, lunar distances could be used for navigation only if a navigator had access to predicted distances. These were published in almanacs around the world from the late 18th through the early 20th centuries. Today the predicted distances are no longer published, but they can be calculated without much difficulty. The predictions generated by this web site are extremely accurate. They are the most accurate available today. The time period covered is 1750 to 2050 so the predictions here can be used for modern lunars or for analysis of historical lunar observations. -
Clear a Lunar (UPDATED)
This web-based app will analyze a lunar observation and generate your longitude in a fraction of a second. Historically, the analysis of lunars required about twenty minutes of work and a table of logarithms. Even if you decide to work a lunar by hand with pencil and paper, this online calculator will allow you to check your results. Originally developed and made available online in the summer of 2004, this app has been field-tested by myself and other navigation enthusiasts thousands of times. Its results are accurate to approximately one second of arc. -
Online Nautical Almanac (UPDATED)
A complete source for Nautical Almanac ephemeris data covering the period 1750 to 2050. The positions of the Sun, Moon, navigational planets and stars are generated for every hour of the day at a high level of accuracy just as in the published almanacs. This online app permits customization of display options so that data are generated that are relevant for your location and interests. -
Easy Lunars
An account of a simple technique for analyzing lunars using nothing more than the basic corrections and data in the Nautical Almanac and a handheld calculator. Lunars are not difficult. They take a little practice, and you may have to re-familiarize yourself with the use of a calculator, but any navigator can enjoy the challenge and experience of this historical method of navigation.
Comments:
Jeffrey Rock wrote: 8👍
John Carbone wrote: 6👍
Celestial Navigation Courses with Frank Reed ... As a formal naval officer navigator, navigator on Bermuda passages, and many celestial courses, I highly recommend Frank Reed in any course or program he teaches. I have taken his celestial courses at Mystic Seaport, online and followed his engaging web community (NavList.net). Every encounter has been different and educational. With his expertise and polished presentations, you will learn and understand the theory and practice celestial navigation. Frank is the consummate professor and someone not to be missed.
Philip M. Sadler wrote: 86👍
What a joyful and stimulating experience to enroll in Frank Reed's class, Celestial Navigation: 19th Century Methods. Frank is a skillful and engaging teacher, able to draw students into this fascinating subject, whether they be novice or experienced. His depth of knowledge is tremendous. Participants get a real taste of what it was like to be aboard a sailing ship of the day. I learned much to enliven my own teaching and decode 19th century ship's logs. It is a rare experience, indeed, to have so much thoughtfulness, enthusiasm, and fun packed into two days. This is the way to learn!
Philip M. Sadler, Ed.D.
F.W. Wright Senior Lecturer in Celestial Navigation
Harvard University Astronomy Department
Cambridge, MA
Philip M. Sadler, Ed.D.
F.W. Wright Senior Lecturer in Celestial Navigation
Harvard University Astronomy Department
Cambridge, MA
